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《【红宝书】考研英语 —— 阅读》
（网络版）
文章难句解析
Text 1
1.【文章难句】It has been a divisive issue across the U.S., as educators blamed the prolonged reaction to affirmative-action for declines in minority admissions.
【结构分析】 该句为一复合句，It has been a...issue是句子的主干， as educators...in minority admissions 是原因状语从句。
【句子精译】它一直是美国国内争论不休的问题，因为教育者把少数民族学生的入学人数下降归咎于对肯定诉讼程序的持续反对。
2.【文章难句】They, together with 36 universities and 7 non-profitable organizations, formed a forum that set forth an action plan essentially designed to help colleges circumvent court-imposed restrictions on affirmative-action.
【结构分析】 They...formed a forum是句子的主干， that set forth...on affirmative-action 是定语从句，修饰说明 a forum, essentially designed to help...on affirmative-action是分词短语，修饰plan。
【句子精译】他们联合了36所大学以及7家非营利性公益组织创建了一个论坛来实施一个行动计划，专门帮助大学在肯定诉讼上规避法庭强加的约束。
3.【文章难句Doing so allows colleges to take minorities who excel in average urban schools, even if they wouldn’t have made the cut under the current statewide ranking many universities use.
【结构分析】 Doing so allows colleges to take minorities 是句子的主干，even if...是让步状语从句；who excel in average urban schools 是定语从句，修饰minorities； many universities use 也是定语从句省略了that，修饰ranking。
【句子精译】 这样做使学院可以录取在一般市镇学校中的少数民族尖子生，即使他们在当前全国许多大学使用的级别排定下本不愿意作以削减。
Text 2
1. But, says Randall Rothenberg, the boss of the Interactive Advertising Bureau, a trade association, the announcements this week by Facebook and its larger rival, MySpace, which has a similar ad system, could amount to a big step forward in conversational marketing.
【结构分析】这是一个复合句，其主干是But, says Randall Rothenber, …the announcements…could amount to…。the boss of…是主语的同位语；a trade association是前面的the Interactive Advertising Bureau的同位语；在宾语从句中，which引导的非限定性定语从句是用来修饰前面的MySpace的。
【句子精译】但是，一家名为互动广告局的贸易协会的老总Randall Rothenberg认为，Facebook和其较大的对手——拥有相似广告体系的MySpace在本周发布的宣言将在对话市场营销中向前迈出一大步。
2. If, for instance, a Facebook user makes a purchase at Fandango, a website that sells cinema tickets, this information again shows up on the news feeds of his friends on Facebook, who might decide to come along.
【结构分析】这是一个复合句，其主干是If… a Facebook user makes a purchase…, this information… shows up…。在前面的条件状语从句中，a website…是前面Fandango的同位语；主句中who引导的定语从句是修饰friends的。
【句子精译】比如，假设一个Facebook的用户在卖电影票的网站Fandango购买了电影票，这个信息就会出现在这个人在Facebook上的朋友新闻地带中，他们也可能会决定一起去。
Text 3
1.【文章难句】 The formation, maintenance, and dissolution of the family are in large part a function of the relative balance between the benefits and costs of marriage as seen by the individual members of the marriage.
【结构分析】 这是一个复合句，主干是The formation, maintenance, and dissolution of the family are a function， 省略的定语从句as seen by the individual members of the marriage修饰前面整个主句。
【句子精译】家庭中的每个成员都可以看到，在很大程度上是婚姻中获利与成本间的平衡导致了婚姻的组成、维系与破裂。
2.【文章难句】Much of the variations in marital stability across income classes can be explained by the variation in costs of dissolution imposed by society, e.g. division of property, alimony, child support, and the social stigma attached to divorce.
【结构分析】 句子的主干是variations in marital stability can be explained by the variation in costs，imposed by society是一个省略的定语从句，修饰costs of dissolution。
【句子精译】 社会施加在婚姻解体上的成本差异，如财产分割，赡养费，孩子的抚养及受到玷污的名声，导致了不同收入阶层婚姻稳定性的差异。
3.【文章难句】 So welfare opportunities are a significant determinant of family instability in poor neighborhoods, but this is not the result of AFDC regulations that exclude most intact family from coverage.
【结构分析】 句子的主干是opportunities are...but this is not the result of AFDC regulations, 定语从句that exclude most intact family from coverage 修饰AFDC regulations。
【句子精译】因此，在贫困地区，导致家庭不稳定性的重要决定因素是能享受到福利的机会，而不是由于“子女家庭补助计划”把众多完整家庭排除在保护范围之外造成的。
Text 4
1.【文章难句】Alarmed by a 20-year decline in student achievement, American schools are considering major upheavals in the career structure of teachers, school boards around the country are planning to abandon traditional salary schedules and singles out outstanding teachers for massive pay rise.
【结构分析】这是一个并列句，主干是schools are considering...school boards are planning to abandon schedules and singles out teachers. Alarmed by a 20-year decline in student achievement作原因状语从句。
【句子精译】 学生成绩持续20年的下降情况给美国各大学校敲响警钟，它们正考虑对教师的职业结构进行重大改革，全国各地的教育董事会正计划抛开传统的工资单，选拔杰出的教师作为大规模涨工资的对象。
2.【文章难句】To make ends meet it is common for teachers to take second jobs in the evening and in their summer holidays, and women, who used to make up the bulk of teachers candidates are turning to better paid professions.
【结构分析】 这是一个复合句，主干是it is common for teachers to take second jobs and women are turning to better paid professions， To make ends meet是目的状语， who used to make up the bulk of teachers candidates 是定语从句, 修饰women。
【句子精译】 为了收支平衡，教师在晚上或利用暑假从事第二职业是司空见惯的，此外，过去准备当教师的大多数是妇女，如今她们正转向一些工资较高的职业。
3.【文章难句】 Champions of the idea say it would at least hold out the promise of high pay and status to bright graduates who are confident of their ability to do well in the classroom, but are deterred by the present meager opportunities for promotion.
【结构分析】 这是一个复合句，主干是Champions say，it would at least hold out the promise of high pay and status to bright graduates who are confident of their ability to do well in the classroom, but are deterred by the present meager opportunities for promotion整个从句作宾语，宾语从句中的主干是it would hold out the promise，定语从句who are confident of their ability to do well in the classroom, but are deterred by the present meager opportunities for promotion修饰graduates。
【句子精译】支持这种做法的人士称，该办法至少可兑现向一些优秀毕业生曾作出过的“高工资和高地位”的承诺，这些毕业生对自己课堂教学的能力充满自信，但由于升职的机会很少，他们暂时无法得到晋升。